論文 Antibiotic resistance and the presence of bla CfxA and bla CSP genes in β-lactamase-producing clinical Capnocytophaga isolates from a university hospital in Japan. J. Med. Microbiol.,70(10):1-7 2021 Author:Matsumoto T, Matsumoto-Matsubara M, Horiuchi K, Arai E, Negishi T, Natori T, Kawakami Y.
Isolation of Thymidine-Dependent and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Small-Colony Variant from Urine of a Septuagenarian Female Patient with Recurrent Cystitis; A Case Report with Genetic Investigation. J. Infect. Chemother.,(26):1066-1069 2020 Author:Nagano, N., Kawakami, Y., Matsumoto, T., Tanimoto, K., et al.
Isolation of a capnophilic and ESBL-producing Proteus mirabilis strain from the urine of an octogenarian male-patient with acute pyelonephritis. ,72:193-195 2019 Author:Soga, E., Akiyama, M., Ohsaki, Y., Hayashi, W., Matsumoto, T., Oana, K., Nagano, N., and Kawakami, Y.
A Colonization Outbreak of Penicillin-Susceptible mecA-Positive Staphylococcus aureus. Infect. Cont. Hosp. Epidemiol.,29:239-240 2018 Author:Minami, K., Terakawa, R., Sato, M., Shoji, Y., Hirama, T., Nakamura, T., Horiuchi, A., Otsuka, A., Kubota, N., Hidaka, E., Kawakami, Y.,
Characterization of first hemin-requiring Pseudomonas aeruginosa small-colony variants from the blood of an octogenarian male-patient with double pneumonitis. J. Infect. Chemother.,50:852-855 2017 Author:Nagano, N., Nakaya, H., Nagata, M., Nishizawa, T., Kawahara, R., Matsumoto, T., Oana, K., and Kawakami, Y.
Four sporadic pediatric cases of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 infection in rural area of Japan Jpn. J. Infect. Dis,,70:192-194 2017 Author:Minami, K., Yasuda, R., Terakawa, R., Koike, Y., Takeuchi, K., Higuchi, T., Horiuchi, A., Kubota, N., Hidaka, E., Kawakami, Y.
A case of pediatric pertussis unhesitatingly diagnosed with the insight of microbiology laboratory Br. J. Med. Med. Res.,,16:1-4 2016 Author:Horiuchi, A., Kubota, N., Hidaka, E., Nakamura, T., Oana, K., Kawakami, Y.
A pediatric case of bacteremia and possible cholecystitis due to Moraxella osloensis Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., ,68:324-325 2015 Author:Minami, K., Higuchi, T., Cho, Y., Koike, Y., Takeuchi, K., Kubota, N., Hidaka, E., Horiuchi, A., Kawakami, Y.
Applicability assessment of ceramic microbeads coated with hydroxyapatite-binding silver/titanium dioxide ceramic composite earthplusTM to the eradication of Legionella in rainwater storage tanks for household use Int. J. Nanomedicine.,10:71-79 2015 Author:Oana, K., Kobayashi, M., Nagano, N., and Kawakami, Y.
Notable alkaline tolerance of Kocuria marina isolates from blood of a pediatric patient with continuous epoprostenol therapy J. Infect. Chemother.,21:680-688 2015 Author:Horiuchi, A., Kubota, N., Hidaka, E., Shimabukuro, A., Yasukochi, S., Nakamura, T., Oana, K., and Kawakami, Y.
A pediatric case of bacteremia and possible cholecystitis due to Moraxella osloensis Jpn. J. Infect. Dis.,68:324-325 2015 Author:Minami, K., Higuchi, T., Cho, Y., Koike, Y., Takeuchi, K., Kubota, N., Hidaka, E., Horiuchi, A., and Kawakami, Y.
Bathwater-contamination with Legionella and nontuberculous mycobacteria in ‘24-hour’-home baths, hot springs, and public bathhouses in Nagano prefecture, Japan. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis.,67:276-281 2014 Author:Kobayashi, M., Oana, K., and Kawakami, Y.
Helicobacter heilmannii sensu stricto-related gastric ulcers: A case report World J. Gastroenterol.,20:3376-3382 2014 Author:Matsumoto, T., Kawakubo, T., Akamatsu,T., Koide, N., Ogiwara, N., Kubota, S., Sugano, M., Kawakami, Y., and Ota H.
Incidence of Legionella and heterotrophic bacteria in household roof-harvested rainwater storage tanks in Azumino, Nagano prefecture, Japan. ,58(1):15-21 2014 Author:Kobayashi, M., Oana, K., and Kawakami, Y.
A neonatal case of chronic granulomatous disease, initially presented with invasive aspergillosis. J. Infect. Chemother.,20:220-223 2014 Author:Saito, S., Oda, A., Kasai, M., Minami, K., Nagumo, H., Shiohara, M., Ogiso, Y., and Kawakami, Y.
First Isolation of oleate-dependent Enterococcus faecalis small-colony variants from an umbilical exudate of a pediatric patient with omphalitis. J. Med. Microbiol.,62:1883-1890 2013 Author: Kubota, N., Kuzumoto, K., Hidaka, E., Yoshizawa, K., Yumoto, K., Oana, K., Ogiso, Y., Nakamura, T., and Kawakami, Y.
First isolation of carbon-dioxide-dependent Proteus mirabilis from an uncomplicated cystitis patient with Sjögren’s syndrome. ,19:764-766 2013 Author:Oana, K., Yamaguchi, M., Nagata, M., Washino, K., Akahane, T., Takamatsu, Y., Tsutsui, C., Matsumoto, T., and Kawakami, Y.
Isolation of an X-factor-dependent but porphyrin-positive Escherichia coli from urine of a patient with hemorrhagic cystitis JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND CHEMOTHERAPY,19(4):764-766 2013 Author:Matsumoto, T; Kawakami, Y; Sueki, A; Kasuga, E; Oana, K; Horiuchi, K; Kato, M; Honda, T
Proportion of Rectal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Inpatients of a Pediatric Tertiary Care Hospital in Japan Jpn. J. Infect. Dis.,65:548-550, 2012 Author:Minami, K., Shoji, Y., Kasai, M., Ogiso, Y., Nakamura, T., Kawakami, Y., Saito, Y., Kuzumoto, K., Kubota, N., Yumoto, K., Ishii, K.
Isolation and molecular characterization of catalase-negative Staphylococcus aureus from sputum of a patient with aspiration pneumonia. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. , ,65:439-441 2012 Author:Horiuchi. K., Matsumoto, T., Hidaka, E., Nagata, M., Kasuga, E., Sugano, M., Oana, K., Kawakami, Y., Honda, T.
Characterization of CIA-1, an Ambler class A extended-spectrum β-lactamase from Chryseobacterium indologenes Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,56(1):588-590 2012 Author:Matsumoto T, Nagata M, Ishimine N, Kawasaki K, Yamauchi K, Hidaka E, Kasuga E, Horiuchi K, Oana K, Kawakami Y, Honda T.
A case of wound dual infection with Pasteurella dagmatis and Pasteurella canis resulting from a dog bite – limitation of Vitek-2 System in exact identification of Pasteurella species European Journal of Medical Research,16:531-536 2011 Author:Akahane, T., Nagata, M., Matsumoto, T., Murayama, N., Isaka, A., Kameda, T., Fujita, M., Oana, K., and Kawakami, Y.
Successful cessation of transmitting healthcare-associated infections due to Burkholderia cepacia complex in a neonatal intensive care unit in a Japanese Children's Hospital European Journal of Medical Research,16:537-542 2011 Author:Kuzumoto, K., Kubota, K., Ishii, K., Yumoto, K., Ogiso, Y., Nakamura, T., Katsuyama, T., Oana, K., and Kawakami, Y.
Bactericidal activities of woven cotton and nonwoven polypropylene fabrics coated with hydroxyapatite-binding silver/titanium dioxide ceramic nanocomposite ‘earth-plus’ International Journal of Nanomedicine,6:1937-1943 2011 Author:Kasuga, E., Kawakami, Y., Matsumoto, T., Hidaka, E., Ogiwara, N., Oana, K., Yamaki, D., Sakurada, T., and Honda, T.
Clinical assessment of novel ChromID ESBL agar plates for detection of ESBL producers in the family Enterobacteriaceae JARMAM,20:1-8 2010 Author:Kasuga, E., Matsumoto, T., Hidaka, E., Oguchi, H., Kanai, S., Oana, K., Yamauchi, K., Honda, T., and Kawakami, Y.
臨床分離 Chryseobacterium indologenes が保有する Ambler class B β-lactamase 遺伝子の解析 日本臨床微生物学雑誌,20:203-206 2010 Author:永田美香、松本竹久、松原未樹、春日恵理子、小穴こず枝、川上由行
Aeromonas 属菌の分類と同定 ー 臨床微生物学ではどこまで必要か? ー Medical Technology,38:731-735 2010 Author:川上由行、小穴こず枝
Laboratory appraisal of optimal gaseous conditions for growth of zoonotic Helicobacter felis Microbiology and Immunology,53:251-258 2009 Author:Shiohara, M., Kawakubo, M., Matsumoto, T., Kumagai, T., Yamauchi, K., Oana, K., Ota, H., and Kawakami, Y.
Phylogeny of a novel “Helicobacter heilmannii”organism from a Japanese patient with chronic gastritis based on DNA sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and urease genes Journal of Microbiology,47:201-207 2009 Author:Matsumoto, T., Kawakubo, M., Shiohara, M., Kumagai, T., Hidaka, E., Yamauchi, K., Oana, K., Matsuzawa, K., Ota, H., and Kawakami, Y.
First case of bacteremia due to chromosome-encoded CfxA3-beta-lactamase-producing Capnocytophaga sputigena in a pediatric patient with acute erythroblastic leukemia European Journal of Medical Research,13(3):133-135 2008 Author:Matsumoto, T; Matsubara, M; Oana, K; Kasuga, E; Suzuki, T; Hidaka, E; Shigemura, T; Yamauchi, K; Honda, T; Ota, H; Kawakami, Y
HHLO‘Helicobacterheilmannii’-like organisms G. I. Research,15:162-164 2007 Author:松本竹久、川上由行、太田良
In vivo bactericidal activities of Japanese rice-fluid against H. pylori in a Mongolian gerbil model International Journal of Medical Sciences,4:203-208 2007 Author:Ishizone, S., Maruta, F., Suzuki, K., Miyagawa, S., Takeuchi, M., Kanaya, K., Oana, K., Hayama, M., Kawakami, Y., and Ota, H.
Proposal of a simplified technique for staining bacterial spores without applying heat – successful modification of Moeller’s method – European Journal of Medical Research,12:356-359 2007 Author:Hayama,M., Oana,K., Kozakai,T., Umeda,S., Fujimoto,J., Ota,H., Kawakami, Y.
Transmission via the face is one route of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus cross-infection within a hospital American Journal of Infection Control,35:126-130 2007 Author:Kuramoto-Chikamatsu,A., Honda,T., Matsumoto,T., Shiohara,M., Kawakami, Y., Yamauchi,K., Kato, Y.
Evaluation of BacT/Alert 3D SA bottles for accurate detection of Mycobacteremia with special reference to Mycobacterium abscessus European Journal of Medical Research,12:43-46 2007 Author:Kasuga, E., Matsumoto, T., Oana, K., Shiohara, M., Okabe, T., Yamauchi, K., Honda, T., Ota, H., and Kawakami, Y.
当院における Clostridium difficile 関連下痢症/腸炎検査の toxin A 迅速診断キット「ユニクイック」の評価 日赤検査,40:16-19 2007 Author:赤羽貴行、保坂力、村山範行、加藤はる、小穴こず枝、川上由行
In vitro bactericidal activities of Japanese rice-fluid against Helicobacter pylori strains International Journal of Medical Sciences,3:112-116 2006 Author:Kawakami, Y., Oana, K., Hayama, M., Ota, H., Takeuchi, M., Miyashita, K., Matsuzawa, T.
入院時の患者鼻腔内 M. catarrhalis の保菌状況に関する一考察 日赤検査,39:20-26 2006 Author:赤羽貴行、保坂力、村山範行、小穴こず枝、川上由行
Phylogenetic analysis of "Helicobacter heilmannii" isolates from different Japanese patients based on DNA sequences of 16S rRNA and urease genes Helicobacter,11(4):409-409 2006 Author:Matsumoto,T; Kawakubo, M; Ota, H; Shiohara, M; Kumagai, T; Yamauchi, K; Kastuyama, T; Kawakami, Y
First isolation of Dysgonomonas mossii from intestinal juice of a patient with pancreatic cancer Archives of Medical Research,37(7):914-916 2006 Author:Matsumoto, T; Kawakami, Y; Oana, K; Honda, T; Yamauchi, K; Okimura, Y; Shiohara, M; Kasuga, E
Helicobacter pylori infection increases cell kinetics in human gastric epithelial cells without adhering to proliferating cells Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,9(3):746-747 2005 Author:Hayama, M; Kawakami, Y; Kaneko, Y; Sano, K; Ota, H
H. pylori 除菌と消化性潰瘍・関連疾患 —基礎・臨床研究のアップデート — IV. 細菌学 H. pylori の最近5年間における耐性獲得推移 日本臨床,63:203-208 2005 Author:川上由行,沖村幸枝,小穴こず枝,太田浩良,勝山努
Physical and genetic map of Enterococcus faecium ATCC19434 and demonstration of intra- and interspecific genomic diversity in enterococci FEMS Microbiology Letters,207(2):133-139 2002 Author:Oana K, Okimura Y, Kawakami Y, Hayashida N, Shimosaka M, Okazaki M, Hayashi T, Ohnishi M
Additive effect of pronase on the efficacy of eradication therapy against Helicobacter pylori HELICOBACTER,7(3):183-191 2002 Author:Gotoh A, Akamatsu T, Shimizu T, Shimodaira K, Kaneko T, Kiyosawa K, Ishida K, Ikeno T, Sugiyama A, Kawakami Y, Ota H, Katsuyama T
H2O2 produced by viridans group streptococci may contribute to inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization of oral cavities in newborns Clinical Infectious Diseases,32:1408-1413 2001 Author:Uehara, Y., kikuchi, K., Nakamura, T., Nakama, H., Agematsu, K., Kawakami, Y., Ohnishi, M., Ishikawa, M., Maruchi, N., Totsuka, K.
Inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization of oral cavities in newborns by viridans group streptococci Clinical Infectious Diseases,32:1399-1407 2001 Author:Uehara, Y., kikuchi, K., Nakamura, T., Nakama, H., Agematsu, K., Kawakami, Y., Ohnishi, M., Ishikawa, M., Murachi, N., Totsuka, K.
Molecular and epidemiological study of the first outbreak of vanB type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in Japan Japanese Joournal of Infectious Diseases,54(1):17-22 2001 Author:Oana, K; Kawakami, Y; Ohnishi, M; Ishikawa, M; Hirota, M; Tozuka, M; Atarashi, K; Baba, K; Fujiki, B; Okazaki, M; Honda, T; Hayashi, T
Development of disinfectant mats and evaluation of their effectiveness Biocontrol Science,5:1-7 2000 Author:Ohta, S., Nagai, K., Zenda, H., Kawakami, Y.
Bacterial interference among nasal inhabitants: eradication of Staphylococcus aureus from nasal cavities by artificial implantation of Corynebacterium sp. Journal of Hospital Infection,44(2):127-133 2000 Author:Uehara, Y; Nakama, H; Agematsu, K; Uchida, M; Kawakami, Y; Fattah, ASMA; Maruchi, N
Limitations of Vitek GPS-418 cards in exact detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci with the vanB genotype Journal of Clinical Microbiology,38(6):2409-2411 2000 Author:Okabe, T; Oana, K; Kawakami, Y; Yamaguchi, M; Takahashi, Y; Okimura, Y; Honda, T; Katsuyama, T
Mutagenicity of Helicobacter pylori in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 Journal of International Medical research,28(5):222-228 2000 Author:Kaneko, T; Kawakami, Y; Akamatsu, T; Kiyosawa, K; Katsuyama, T
Helicobacter pylori の除菌療法 耐性菌の出現をいかに防ぐか Mebio-Graphic Medical Magazine,17:72-75 2000 Author:松沢正浩、川上由行、赤松泰次
Mutagenicity of Helicobacter pylori determined with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium as a tester strain J Int Med Res,29:222-228 2000 Author:川上由行、小穴こず枝、沖村幸枝、勝山 努
In vitro activities of rabeprazole, a novel proton pump inhibitor, and its thioether derivative alone and in combination with other antimicrobials against recent clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,44(2):458-461 2000 Author:Kawakami, Y; Akahane, T; Yamaguchi, M; Oana, K; Takahashi, Y; Okimura, Y; Okabe, T; Gotoh, A; Katsuyama, T.
Incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in stool specimens from healthy Japanese schoolchildren Medical Science Reseach,27(1):61-62 1999 Author:Kawakami, Y; Yamaguchi, M; Oana, K; Hama, N; Takahashi, Y; Akahane, T; Okimura, Y; Yanagisawa, E; Katsuyama, T
Bactericidal effect of ecabet sodium on clarithromycin- and metronidazole- resistant clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori Japanese Journal of Antibitics,50:525-531 1997 Author:Shibata, K., Kasuga, O., Yasoshima, A., Matsushita, T., Kawakami, Y.
Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori isolates against agents commonly administered for eradication therapy and the efficacy of chemotherapy Microbiology and Immunology,41(1):7-12 1997 Author:Gotoh, A; Kawakami, Y; Akahane, T; Akamatsu, T; Shimizu, T; Kiyosawa, K; Katsuyama, T
Interaction of drugs for eradication therapy against Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology,112(4):131-131 1997 Author:Gotoh, A; Kawakami, Y; Shimizu, T; Maeyama, H; Fujimori, K; Shimodaira, K; Akamatsu, T; Kiyosawa, K; Ota, H; Katsuyama, T
Combination effect of pronase for eradication therapy against Helicobacter pylori. GASTROENTEROLOGY,112(4):A54-A54 1997 Author:Akamatsu, T; Gotoh, A; Shimizu, T; Maeyama, H; Fujimori, K; Shimodaira, K; Kiyosawa, K; Kawakami, Y; Ota, H; Katsuyama, T
Successful development of air-dried microplates (HP-plates) for susceptibility testing against Helicobacter pylori isolates MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY,41(9):703-708 1997 Author:Kawakami, Y; Akahane, T; Gotoh, A; Okimura, Y; Oana, K; Katsuyama, T
Interaction of drugs for eradication therapy against antibiotic-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY,41(11):865-869 1997 Author:Gotoh, A; Kawakami, Y; Akamatsu, T; Katsuyama, T
Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in a phage-like particle isolated from mitomycin C-treated Staphylococcus aureus V8 (ATCC 49775) BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY,61(11):1960-1962 1997 Author:Kaneko, J; Kimura, T; Kawakami, Y; Tomita, T; Kamio, Y
A simple method for detection and identification of clinical Mycobacterium species by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method JARMAM,8:7-13 1996 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y., Katsuyama, T., Kanai, M.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of genomic DNA of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis isolates in a hospital Microbiology and Immunology,38:891-895 1994 Author:Kawakami, Y., Ueno, I., Katsuyama, T., Furihata, K., Matsumoto, H.
Proposal of an Aeroscheme(modified Aerokey) for the identification of clinical Aeromonas species Medical Science Research,22:617-619 1994 Author:Furuwatari, C., Kawakami, Y., Takayuki, A., Hidaka, E., Okimura, Y., Nakayama, J., Furihata, K., Katsuyama, T.
In vitro activity of arbekacin against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a hospital Journal of Antibiotics,47(4):507-509 1994 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y., and Kanai, M. Furihata, K; Katsuyama, T; Matsumoto, H.
Proposal for an Aeroscheme (modified Aerokey-II) for the identificatoiun sof clinical Aeromonas species Medical Science Reseach,22(9):617-619 1994 Author:Furuwatari, C; Kawakami, Y; Akahane, T; Hidaka, E; Okimura, Y; Nakayama, J; Furihata, K; Katsuyama, T
Restriction-Fragment-Length-Polymorpgism (RFLP) of genomic DNA of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis isolates in a gospital Microbiology and Immunology,38(11):891-895 1994 Author:Kawakami, Y; Ueno, I; Katsuyama, T; Furihata, K; Matsumoto, H
Evaluation of the Vitek NHI cards for the identification of clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae JARMAM,2:141-148 1990 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y.Morizumi, Katsuyama, T. Kanai, M.
In vitro activity of arbekacin against clinical isolates of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a hospital Journal of Antibiotics,21:617-619 1990 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y., Katsuyama, T., Kanai, M.
Incidence of asaccharolytic Neisseria species in pharyngeal flora of healthy Japanese individuals Medical Science Research,17:854-858 1989 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y., Kanai, M.
Drug resistance and R plasmid in clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens at Shinshu University Hospital JapaneseJournal of Antibiotics,41:505-509 1987 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y., Kanai, M.
In vitro activity of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, cefmenoxime, and latamoxef in comparison with other β-lactam antibiotics against clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae Microbiology and Immunology,26:617-621 1987 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y., Kanai, M.
A case of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis due to Branhamella catarrhalis Microbiology and Immunology,27:641-643 1983 Author:Kawakami, Y., Segawa, K. and Kanai, M.
Susceptibility of recent clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens to cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, cefmenoxime, latamoxef and cefsulodin in comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides Japanese Journal of Antibitics,35:2314-2317 1982 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y., Kanai, M.
Occurrence and biochemical properties of Haemophilus species in pharyngeal flora of healthy individuals Microbiology and Immunology,26:629-633 1982 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y., Kanai, M.
Prevalence and biochemical properties of Haemophilus species in the oral cavity of healthy adults - Investigation of three Japanese individuals Microbiology and Immunology,27:1261-1265 1980 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y., Kanai, M.
Biochemical characterization of Haemophilus species with the Minitek Differentiation system Journal of Clinical Microbiology,14:579-581 1980 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y., Kanai, M.
Biochemical properties and antimicrobial susceptibility of recent clinical isolates of Haemophilus species Microbiology and Immunology,25:79-84 1980 Author:Kawakami, Y., Okimura, Y., Kanai, M.
Sensitivity of fresh isolates of Haemophilus to current antibiotics Japanese Journal of Antibitics,28:687-690 1975 Author:Kawakami, Y., Asamura, Y., Kamishima, K., Kanai, M., Natsumoto, H., Tazaki, T.
Prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains posses sing R factor in a hospital Journal of Antibiotics,25:607-609 1972 Author:Kawakami, Y., Nikoshiba, F., Nagasaki, S., Matsumoto, H., Tazaki, T.